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                <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"> JavaScript高级用法二之内置对象 </h1>
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                <h2 id="综述"><a href="#综述" class="headerlink" title="综述"></a>综述</h2>
                <p>本篇的主要内容来自慕课网，内置对象，主要内容如下</p>
                <ul>
                  <li>1 什么是对象</li>
                  <li>2 Date 日期对象</li>
                  <li>3 返回/设置年份方法</li>
                  <li>4 返回星期方法</li>
                  <li>5 返回/设置时间方法</li>
                  <li>6 String 字符串对象</li>
                  <li>7 返回指定位置的字符</li>
                  <li>8 返回指定的字符串首次出现的位置</li>
                  <li>9 字符串分割split()</li>
                  <li>10 提取字符串substring()</li>
                  <li>11 提取指定数目的字符substr()</li>
                  <li>12 Math对象</li>
                  <li>13 向上取整ceil()</li>
                  <li>14 向下取整floor()</li>
                  <li>15 四舍五入round()</li>
                  <li>16 随机数 random()</li>
                  <li>17 Array 数组对象</li>
                  <li>18 数组连接concat()</li>
                  <li>19 指定分隔符连接数组元素join()</li>
                  <li>20 颠倒数组元素顺序reverse()</li>
                  <li>21 选定元素slice()</li>
                  <li>22 数组排序sort()</li>
                </ul>
                <h2 id="什么是对象"><a href="#什么是对象" class="headerlink" title="什么是对象"></a>什么是对象</h2>
                <p>JavaScript 中的所有事物都是对象，如:字符串、数值、数组、函数等，每个对象带有<strong>属性</strong>和<strong>方法</strong>。 <strong>对象的属性：</strong>反映该对象某些特定的性质的，如：字符串的长度、图像的长宽等； <strong>对象的方法：</strong>能够在对象上执行的动作。例如，表单的“提交”(Submit)，时间的“获取”(getYear)等； JavaScript 提供多个内建对象，比如 String、Date、Array 等等，使用对象前先定义，如下使用数组对象：</p>
                <figure class="highlight haxe">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> objectName =<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Array</span>();<span class="comment">//使用new关键字定义对象</span></span><br><span class="line">**或者**</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> objectName =[];</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>访问对象属性的语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight css">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">objectName</span><span class="selector-class">.propertyName</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>如使用 Array 对象的 length 属性来获得数组的长度：</p>
                <figure class="highlight haxe">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> myarray=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Array</span>(<span class="number">6</span>);<span class="comment">//定义数组对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> myl=myarray.length;<span class="comment">//访问数组长度length属性</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>以上代码执行后，myl的值将是：6</strong> <strong>访问对象的方法：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight reasonml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">objectName.<span class="keyword">method</span><span class="constructor">Name()</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>如使用string 对象的 toUpperCase() 方法来将文本转换为大写：</p>
                <figure class="highlight actionscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mystr=<span class="string">"Hello world!"</span>;<span class="comment">//创建一个字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> request=mystr.toUpperCase(); <span class="comment">//使用字符串对象方法</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>以上代码执行后，request的值是<strong>：HELLO WORLD!</strong></p>
                <h2 id="Date-日期对象"><a href="#Date-日期对象" class="headerlink" title="Date 日期对象"></a>Date 日期对象</h2>
                <p>日期对象可以储存任意一个日期，并且可以精确到毫秒数（1/1000 秒）。 定义一个时间对象 :</p>
                <figure class="highlight arcade">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> Udate=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>();</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意**</strong>:**使用关键字new，Date()的首字母必须大写。</p>
                <p>使 Udate 成为日期对象，并且已有初始值：<strong>当前时间(当前电脑系统时间)</strong>。</p>
                <p>如果要自定义初始值，可以用以下方法：</p>
                <figure class="highlight arcade">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> d = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>(<span class="number">2012</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);  <span class="comment">//2012年10月1日</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> d = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>(<span class="string">'Oct 1, 2012'</span>); <span class="comment">//2012年10月1日</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>我们最好使用下面介绍的“方法”来严格定义时间。</p>
                <p><strong>访问方法语法：</strong>“&lt;日期对象&gt;.&lt;方法&gt;”</p>
                <p>Date对象中处理时间和日期的常用方法：</p>
                <p><a href="http://img.mukewang.com/53d1c6ed000151aa04190327.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/53d1c6ed000151aa04190327.jpg" alt=""></a></p>
                <h2 id="返回-设置年份方法"><a href="#返回-设置年份方法" class="headerlink" title="返回/设置年份方法"></a>返回/设置年份方法</h2>
                <p><strong><code>get/setFullYear()</code></strong> 返回/设置年份，用四位数表示。</p>
                <figure class="highlight javascript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mydate=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>();<span class="comment">//当前时间2014年3月6日</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mydate+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);<span class="comment">//输出当前时间</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mydate.getFullYear()+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);<span class="comment">//输出当前年份</span></span><br><span class="line">mydate.setFullYear(<span class="number">81</span>); <span class="comment">//设置年份</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mydate+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>); <span class="comment">//输出年份被设定为 0081年。</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意:</strong>不同浏览器， mydate.setFullYear(81)结果不同，年份被设定为 0081或81两种情况。 <strong>结果:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">Thu Mar <span class="number">06</span> <span class="number">2014</span> <span class="number">10</span>:<span class="number">57</span>:<span class="number">47</span> GMT+<span class="number">0800</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2014</span></span><br><span class="line">Thu Mar <span class="number">06</span> <span class="number">0081</span> <span class="number">10</span>:<span class="number">57</span>:<span class="number">47</span> GMT+<span class="number">0800</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意:</strong> 1.结果格式依次为：星期、月、日、年、时、分、秒、时区。(火狐浏览器) 2. 不同浏览器，时间格式有差异。</p>
                <h2 id="返回星期方法"><a href="#返回星期方法" class="headerlink" title="返回星期方法"></a>返回星期方法</h2>
                <p><strong>getDay()</strong> 返回星期，返回的是0-6的数字，0 表示星期天。如果要返回相对应“星期”，通过数组完成，代码如下:</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mydate=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>();<span class="comment">//定义日期对象</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> weekday=[<span class="string">"星期日"</span>,<span class="string">"星期一"</span>,<span class="string">"星期二"</span>,<span class="string">"星期三"</span>,<span class="string">"星期四"</span>,<span class="string">"星期五"</span>,<span class="string">"星期六"</span>];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"><span class="comment">//定义数组对象,给每个数组项赋值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mynum=mydate.getDay();<span class="comment">//返回值存储在变量mynum中</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mydate.getDay());<span class="comment">//输出getDay()获取值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">"今天是："</span>+ weekday[mynum]);<span class="comment">//输出星期几</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>注意：以上代码是在2014年3月7日，星期五运行。</p>
                <p><strong>结果:</strong></p>
                <p>5</p>
                <p>今天是：星期五</p>
                <h2 id="返回-设置时间方法"><a href="#返回-设置时间方法" class="headerlink" title="返回/设置时间方法"></a>返回/设置时间方法</h2>
                <p><strong>get/setTime()</strong> 返回/设置时间，单位毫秒数，计算从 1970 年 1 月 1 日零时到日期对象所指的日期的毫秒数。</p>
                <p>如果将目前日期对象的时间推迟1小时，代码如下:</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mydate=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">"当前时间："</span>+mydate+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line">  mydate.setTime(mydate.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 1000);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">"推迟一小时时间："</span> + mydate);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>结果:</strong></p>
                <p>当前时间：Thu Mar 6 11:46:27 UTC+0800 2014</p>
                <p>推迟一小时时间：Thu Mar 6 12:46:27 UTC+0800 2014</p>
                <p><strong>注意:</strong>1. 一小时 60 分，一分 60 秒，一秒 1000 毫秒</p>
                <pre><code>  2. 时间推迟 1 小时,就是: “x.setTime(x.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 1000);”
</code></pre>
                <h2 id="String-字符串对象"><a href="#String-字符串对象" class="headerlink" title="String 字符串对象"></a>String 字符串对象</h2>
                <p>在之前的学习中已经使用字符串对象了，定义字符串的方法就是直接赋值。比如：</p>
                <figure class="highlight actionscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mystr = <span class="string">"I love JavaScript!"</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>定义mystr字符串后，我们就可以访问它的属性和方法。</p>
                <p><strong>访问字符串对象的属性length:</strong></p>
                <p>stringObject.length; 返回该字符串的长度。</p>
                <figure class="highlight routeros">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">var <span class="attribute">mystr</span>=<span class="string">"Hello World!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">var <span class="attribute">myl</span>=mystr.`length`;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>以上代码执行后，myl 的值将是：12 <strong>访问字符串对象的方法：</strong> 使用 String 对象的 toUpperCase() 方法来将字符串小写字母转换为大写：</p>
                <figure class="highlight routeros">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">var <span class="attribute">mystr</span>=<span class="string">"Hello world!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">var <span class="attribute">mynum</span>=mystr.toUpperCase();</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight erlang-repl">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">以上代码执行后，mynum 的值是：HELLO WORLD!</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="返回指定位置的字符"><a href="#返回指定位置的字符" class="headerlink" title="返回指定位置的字符"></a>返回指定位置的字符</h2>
                <p>charAt() 方法可返回指定位置的字符。返回的字符是长度为 1 的字符串。</p>
                <p><strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight reasonml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">stringObject.<span class="built_in">char</span><span class="constructor">At(<span class="params">index</span>)</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
                <p><a href="http://img.mukewang.com/53251a310001cf1e03370092.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/53251a310001cf1e03370092.jpg" alt=""></a> <strong>注意**</strong>：**1.字符串中第一个字符的下标是 0。最后一个字符的下标为字符串长度减一（string.length-1）。</p>
                <p>2.如果参数 index 不在 0 与 string.length-1 之间，该方法将返回一个空字符串。</p>
                <p><strong>如:</strong>在字符串 “I love JavaScript!” 中，返回位置2的字符：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mystr=<span class="string">"I love JavaScript!"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.charAt(<span class="number">2</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意：</strong>一个空格也算一个字符。</p>
                <p>以上代码的运行结果：</p>
                <figure class="highlight ebnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">l</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="返回指定的字符串首次出现的位置"><a href="#返回指定的字符串首次出现的位置" class="headerlink" title="返回指定的字符串首次出现的位置"></a>返回指定的字符串首次出现的位置</h2>
                <p>indexOf() 方法可返回某个指定的字符串值在字符串中首次出现的位置。</p>
                <p><strong>语法</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight reasonml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">stringObject.index<span class="constructor">Of(<span class="params">substring</span>, <span class="params">startpos</span>)</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
                <p><a href="http://img.mukewang.com/53853d4200019feb04920149.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/53853d4200019feb04920149.jpg" alt=""></a> <strong>说明：</strong></p>
                <p>1.该方法将从头到尾地检索字符串 stringObject，看它是否含有子串 substring。</p>
                <p>2.可选参数，从stringObject的startpos位置开始查找substring，如果没有此参数将从stringObject的开始位置查找。</p>
                <p>3.如果找到一个 substring，则返回 substring 的第一次出现的位置。stringObject 中的字符位置是从 0 开始的。</p>
                <p><strong>注意：</strong>1.indexOf() 方法区分大小写。</p>
                <p>2.如果要检索的字符串值没有出现，则该方法返回 -1。</p>
                <p>例如: 对 “I love JavaScript!” 字符串内进行不同的检索：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> str=<span class="string">"I love JavaScript!"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(str.indexOf(<span class="string">"I"</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(str.indexOf(<span class="string">"v"</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(str.indexOf(<span class="string">"v"</span>,<span class="number">8</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>以上代码的输出：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">9</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="字符串分割split"><a href="#字符串分割split" class="headerlink" title="字符串分割split()"></a>字符串分割split()</h2>
                <p><strong>知识讲解：</strong> split() 方法将字符串分割为字符串数组，并返回此数组。</p>
                <h3 id="语法："><a href="#语法：" class="headerlink" title="语法："></a><strong>语法：</strong></h3>
                <figure class="highlight maxima">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">stringObject.<span class="built_in">split</span>(separator,<span class="built_in">limit</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h3 id="参数说明"><a href="#参数说明" class="headerlink" title="参数说明:"></a><strong>参数说明:</strong></h3>
                <p><strong><a href="http://img.mukewang.com/532bee4800014c0404230108.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532bee4800014c0404230108.jpg" alt=""></a></strong> <strong>注意：</strong>如果把空字符串 (“”) 用作 separator，那么 stringObject 中的每个字符之间都会被分割。 <strong>我们将按照不同的方式来分割字符串：</strong> 使用指定符号分割字符串，代码如下:</p>
                <figure class="highlight dart">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mystr = <span class="string">"www.imooc.com"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.split(<span class="string">"."</span>)+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.split(<span class="string">"."</span>, <span class="number">2</span>)+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight autohotkey">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">www,</span>imooc,com</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">www,</span>imooc</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>将字符串分割为字符，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight applescript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">document.<span class="built_in">write</span>(mystr.split(<span class="string">""</span>)+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">document.<span class="built_in">write</span>(mystr.split(<span class="string">""</span>, <span class="number">5</span>));</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>运行结果:</p>
                <figure class="highlight autohotkey">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">w,</span>w,w,.,i,m,o,o,c,.,c,o,m</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">w,</span>w,w,.,i</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="提取字符串substring"><a href="#提取字符串substring" class="headerlink" title="提取字符串substring()"></a>提取字符串substring()</h2>
                <p>substring() 方法用于提取字符串中介于两个指定下标之间的字符。 <strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight pf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">stringObject.substring(starP<span class="keyword">os</span>,stopP<span class="keyword">os</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明:</strong> <img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532bf1bb000151af04450082.jpg" alt=""> <strong>注意：</strong> 1. 返回的内容是从 start开始(包含start位置的字符)到 stop-1 处的所有字符，其长度为 stop 减start。 2. 如果参数 start 与 stop 相等，那么该方法返回的就是一个空串（即长度为 0 的字符串）。 3. 如果 start 比 stop 大，那么该方法在提取子串之前会先交换这两个参数。 使用 substring() 从字符串中提取字符串，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mystr=<span class="string">"I love JavaScript"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.substring(<span class="number">7</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.substring(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">6</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果**</strong>:**</p>
                <figure class="highlight ebnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">JavaScript</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">love</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="提取指定数目的字符substr"><a href="#提取指定数目的字符substr" class="headerlink" title="提取指定数目的字符substr()"></a>提取指定数目的字符substr()</h2>
                <p>substr() 方法从字符串中提取从 startPos位置开始的指定数目的字符串。 <strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight sas">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">stringObject<span class="meta">.substr(</span>startPos,<span class="meta">length</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明:</strong> <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/532bf2e00001105305100098.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532bf2e00001105305100098.jpg" alt=""></a> <strong>注意：</strong>如果参数startPos是负数，从字符串的尾部开始算起的位置。也就是说，-1 指字符串中最后一个字符，-2 指倒数第二个字符，以此类推。 如果startPos为负数且绝对值大于字符串长度，startPos为0。 使用 substr() 从字符串中提取一些字符，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mystr=<span class="string">"I love JavaScript!"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.substr(<span class="number">7</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mystr.substr(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">4</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight erlang-repl">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">JavaScript!</span><br><span class="line">love</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="Math对象"><a href="#Math对象" class="headerlink" title="Math对象"></a>Math对象</h2>
                <p>Math对象，提供对数据的数学计算。 使用 Math 的属性和方法，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mypi=<span class="built_in">Math</span>.PI; </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myabs=<span class="built_in">Math</span>.abs(<span class="number">-15</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mypi);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myabs);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果**</strong>:**</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">3.141592653589793</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">15</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意：</strong>Math 对象是一个固有的对象，无需创建它，直接把 Math 作为对象使用就可以调用其所有属性和方法。这是它与Date,String对象的区别。 Math 对象属性 <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe7cf0001e7b505170269.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe7cf0001e7b505170269.jpg" alt=""></a> Math 对象方法 <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe841000174db05160622.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe841000174db05160622.jpg" alt=""></a> 以上方法不做全部讲解，只讲解部分方法。</p>
                <h2 id="向上取整ceil"><a href="#向上取整ceil" class="headerlink" title="向上取整ceil()"></a>向上取整ceil()</h2>
                <p>ceil() 方法可对一个数进行向上取整。 <strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight gml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">Math.<span class="built_in">ceil</span>(<span class="symbol">x</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明:</strong> <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe8e00001e4e605230063.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532fe8e00001e4e605230063.jpg" alt=""></a> <strong>注意：</strong>它返回的是大于或等于x，并且与x最接近的整数。 我们将把 ceil() 方法运用到不同的数字上，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">0.8</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">6.3</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">5</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">3.5</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">-5.1</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.ceil(<span class="number">-5.9</span>))</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">7</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-5</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="向下取整floor"><a href="#向下取整floor" class="headerlink" title="向下取整floor()"></a>向下取整floor()</h2>
                <p>floor() 方法可对一个数进行向下取整。 <strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight gml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">Math.<span class="built_in">floor</span>(<span class="symbol">x</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong> <img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532fea54000194c604380058.jpg" alt=""> <strong>注意：</strong>返回的是小于或等于x，并且与x最接近的整数。 我们将在不同的数字上使用 floor() 方法，代码如下:</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">0.8</span>)+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">6.3</span>)+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">5</span>)+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">3.5</span>)+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">-5.1</span>)+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.floor(<span class="number">-5.9</span>))</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-6</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="四舍五入round"><a href="#四舍五入round" class="headerlink" title="四舍五入round()"></a>四舍五入round()</h2>
                <p>round() 方法可把一个数字四舍五入为最接近的整数。 <strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight gml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">Math.<span class="built_in">round</span>(<span class="symbol">x</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong> <img src="http://img.mukewang.com/532feb70000180ab03210059.jpg" alt=""> <strong>注意：</strong> 1. 返回与 x 最接近的整数。 2. 对于 0.5，该方法将进行上舍入。(5.5 将舍入为 6) 3. 如果 x 与两侧整数同等接近，则结果接近 +∞方向的数字值 。(如 -5.5 将舍入为 -5; -5.52 将舍入为 -6),如下图: <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/53fc4cc8000169a907530196.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/53fc4cc8000169a907530196.jpg" alt=""></a> 把不同的数舍入为最接近的整数,代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">`Math.round(1.6)`</span>+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">`Math.round(2.5)`</span>+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">`Math.round(0.49)`</span>+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">`Math.round(-6.4)`</span>+ <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="string">`Math.round(-6.6)`</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">-7</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="随机数-random"><a href="#随机数-random" class="headerlink" title="随机数 random()"></a>随机数 random()</h2>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">random() 方法可返回介于 <span class="number">0</span> ~ <span class="number">1</span>（大于或等于 <span class="number">0</span> 但小于 <span class="number">1</span> )之间的一个随机数。</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>语法：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight reasonml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="module-access"><span class="module"><span class="identifier">Math</span>.</span></span>random<span class="literal">()</span>;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意：</strong>返回一个大于或等于 0 但小于 1 的符号为正的数字值。 我们取得介于 0 到 1 之间的一个随机数，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(<span class="built_in">Math</span>.random());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">0.190305486195328</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意**</strong>:**因为是随机数，所以每次运行结果不一样，但是0 ~ 1的数值。</p>
                <p>获得0 ~ 10之间的随机数，代码如下:</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write((<span class="built_in">Math</span>.random())*<span class="number">10</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">8.72153625893887</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="Array-数组对象"><a href="#Array-数组对象" class="headerlink" title="Array 数组对象"></a>Array 数组对象</h2>
                <p>数组对象是一个对象的集合，里边的对象可以是不同类型的。数组的每一个成员对象都有一个“下标”，用来表示它在数组中的位置，是从零开始的 <strong>数组定义的方法：</strong> 1. 定义了一个空数组:</p>
                <figure class="highlight haxe">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span>  数组名= <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Array</span>();</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>2. 定义时指定有n个空元素的数组：</p>
                <figure class="highlight haxe">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> 数组名 =<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Array</span>(n);</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>3.定义数组的时候，直接初始化数据：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">var  数组名 = [&lt;元素<span class="number">1</span>&gt;, &lt;元素<span class="number">2</span>&gt;, &lt;元素<span class="number">3</span>&gt;...];</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>我们定义myArray数组，并赋值，<strong>代码如下：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">var myArray = [<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">8</span>, <span class="number">6</span>];</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>说明：</strong>定义了一个数组 myArray，里边的元素是：myArray[0] = 2; myArray[1] = 8; myArray[2] = 6。 <strong>数组元素使用：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight abnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">数组名[下标] = 值<span class="comment">;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意</strong>: 数组的下标用方括号括起来，从0开始。</p>
                <p><strong>数组属性：</strong></p>
                <p>length 用法：&lt;数组对象&gt;.length；返回：数组的长度，即数组里有多少个元素。它等于数组里最后一个元素的下标加一。 <strong>数组方法：</strong> <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/533295ab0001dead05190599.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/533295ab0001dead05190599.jpg" alt=""></a></p>
                <h2 id="数组连接concat"><a href="#数组连接concat" class="headerlink" title="数组连接concat()"></a>数组连接concat()</h2>
                <p>concat() 方法用于连接两个或多个数组。此方法返回一个新数组，不改变原来的数组。 <strong>语法</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">array</span>Object.concat(<span class="built_in">array</span>1,<span class="built_in">array</span>2,...,<span class="built_in">array</span>N)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
                <p><strong><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/5332968d0001d39b05010137.jpg" alt=""></strong></p>
                <p><strong>注意:</strong> 该方法不会改变现有的数组，而仅仅会返回被连接数组的一个副本。</p>
                <p>我们创建一个数组，将把 concat() 中的参数连接到数组 myarr 中，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mya = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  mya[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="string">"1"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  mya[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">"2"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  mya[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"3"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mya.concat(<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>)+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mya); </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>我们创建了三个数组，然后使用 concat() 把它们连接起来，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mya1= <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"hello!"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mya2= <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"I"</span>,<span class="string">"love"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mya3= <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"JavaScript"</span>,<span class="string">"!"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> mya4=mya1.concat(mya2,mya3);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(mya4);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight erlang-repl">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">hello!,I,love,JavaScript,!</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="指定分隔符连接数组元素join"><a href="#指定分隔符连接数组元素join" class="headerlink" title="指定分隔符连接数组元素join()"></a>指定分隔符连接数组元素join()</h2>
                <p>join()方法用于把数组中的所有元素放入一个字符串。元素是通过指定的分隔符进行分隔的。 <strong>语法：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">array</span>Object.join(分隔符)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明:</strong></p>
                <p><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/533297ff0001516905150059.jpg" alt=""> 注意：返回一个字符串，该字符串把数组中的各个元素串起来，用&lt;分隔符&gt;置于元素与元素之间。这个方法不影响数组原本的内容。 我们使用join（）方法，将数组的所有元素放入一个字符串中，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="number">3</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="string">"I"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">"love"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"JavaScript"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr.join());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight autohotkey">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">I,</span>love,JavaScript</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>我们将使用分隔符来分隔数组中的元素，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="number">3</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="string">"I"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">"love"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"JavaScript"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr.join(<span class="string">"."</span>));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight css">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">I</span><span class="selector-class">.love</span><span class="selector-class">.JavaScript</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="颠倒数组元素顺序reverse"><a href="#颠倒数组元素顺序reverse" class="headerlink" title="颠倒数组元素顺序reverse()"></a>颠倒数组元素顺序reverse()</h2>
                <p>reverse() 方法用于颠倒数组中元素的顺序。</p>
                <p><strong>语法：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight ada">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">arrayObject.<span class="keyword">reverse</span>()</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意：</strong>该方法会改变原来的数组，而不会创建新的数组。 定义数组myarr并赋值，然后颠倒其元素的顺序：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="number">3</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="string">"1"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">"2"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  myarr[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"3"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr + <span class="string">"&lt;br /&gt;"</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(my<span class="string">`arr.reverse()`</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="选定元素slice"><a href="#选定元素slice" class="headerlink" title="选定元素slice()"></a>选定元素slice()</h2>
                <p>slice() 方法可从已有的数组中返回选定的元素。 <strong>语法</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight pgsql">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">arrayObject.<span class="keyword">slice</span>(<span class="keyword">start</span>,<span class="keyword">end</span>)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong> <a href="http://img.mukewang.com/533299680001637b05160145.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://img.mukewang.com/533299680001637b05160145.jpg" alt=""></a> 1.返回一个新的数组，包含从 start 到 end （不包括该元素）的 arrayObject 中的元素。 2. 该方法并不会修改数组，而是返回一个子数组。 <strong>注意：</strong> 1. 可使用负值从数组的尾部选取元素。 2.如果 end 未被规定，那么 slice() 方法会选取从 start 到数组结尾的所有元素。 3. String.slice() 与 Array.slice() 相似。 我们将创建一个新数组，然后从其中选取的元素，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">6</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr + <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr.slice(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">4</span>) + <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">6</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="数组排序sort"><a href="#数组排序sort" class="headerlink" title="数组排序sort()"></a>数组排序sort()</h2>
                <p><strong>sort()</strong>方法使数组中的元素按照一定的顺序排列。</p>
                <p><strong>语法:</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">array</span>Object.sort(方法函数)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>参数说明：</strong> <img src="http://img.mukewang.com/53329a2a000127f705170060.jpg" alt=""></p>
                <p>1.如果不指定&lt;方法函数&gt;，则按unicode码顺序排列。</p>
                <p>2.如果指定&lt;方法函数&gt;，则按&lt;方法函数&gt;所指定的排序方法排序。</p>
                <figure class="highlight abnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">myArray.sort(sortMethod)<span class="comment">;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>使用sort()将数组进行排序，代码如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"Hello"</span>,<span class="string">"John"</span>,<span class="string">"love"</span>,<span class="string">"JavaScript"</span>); </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"80"</span>,<span class="string">"16"</span>,<span class="string">"50"</span>,<span class="string">"6"</span>,<span class="string">"100"</span>,<span class="string">"1"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr1.sort()+<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr2.sort());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">Hello,JavaScript,John,love</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">100</span>,<span class="number">16</span>,<span class="number">50</span>,<span class="number">6</span>,<span class="number">80</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>注意:上面的代码没有按照数值的大小对数字进行排序。</strong> <strong>如要实现这一点，就必须使用一个排序函数，代码如下：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">sortNum</span><span class="params">(a,b)</span> </span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">  <span class="keyword">return</span> a - b;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="comment">//升序，如降序，把“a - b”该成“b - a”</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> myarr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>(<span class="string">"80"</span>,<span class="string">"16"</span>,<span class="string">"50"</span>,<span class="string">"6"</span>,<span class="string">"100"</span>,<span class="string">"1"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr + <span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">  <span class="built_in">document</span>.write(myarr.sort(sortNum));</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p><strong>运行结果：</strong></p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">80</span>,<span class="number">16</span>,<span class="number">50</span>,<span class="number">6</span>,<span class="number">100</span>,<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">6</span>,<span class="number">16</span>,<span class="number">50</span>,<span class="number">80</span>,<span class="number">100</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>来源：<a href="http://www.imooc.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">慕课网</a></p>
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